2013年成人学位英语考试辅导:省一省,句子更简练

时间:2013-06-17 09:59 来源:云南成人高考网 作者:博联教育 点击:

一个完整的句子有两部分,即主语(subject)和谓语( predicate)。两部分不齐全或句中有省略之处,就叫省略句。省略句是英语,尤其是英语口语中常见的一种现象。

句子中的主语或谓语成分,在恰当情况下,都可以省略。

下列 7 种情况,可以有省略句:

⒈省略主语,如:

① Thank you very much.

② Please come in !

①里的“I”被省略;②里的“You”被省略。这种省略是必要的、正确的。

⒉省略谓语动词和其他成分,如:

③ Youth is the time for sowing; age, reaping.

④ He comes to class earlier than I.

③里省略了“age”后头的“is the time for”;④里比较副词分句的谓语“come to class”不见了。当然。我们也可以用助动词 “do”:“……than I do.”

⒊省略接系动词“Be”,如:

⑤ Mary is as tall as John.

⑥ His mind is alert ; his energy, unbounded.

⑤里“John”后头的“is”省掉了;⑥里的“unbounded”之前的“is”也省了,而以逗号取代。

⒋省略补足语,如:

⑦ X: Are you all right?

Y: Yes , I am.

⑧ Jack is not fond of talking; nor am I.

⑦里“am”后头的补足语(complement)“all right”和⑧里 “I”后面的“fond of talking”都全被省略了。

⒌省略宾语,如:

⑨ X: Who can do it?

Y: I don't know.

⑨里当宾语的名词从句(who can do it)从及物动词“know” 的后头消失了。

⒍省略主动词及其宾语,如:

⑩ Your classmates can study Chinese. Why can't you?

主动词“study”和宾语“Chinese”从疑问句“Why can't you ”后头溜走了。

⒎省略句中多个成分,如:

X: When did you learn computer?

Y: Long ago.

整个句子“I learnt computer long ago”都被省略了,所剩的只是个时间副词。

You may revise your essay, if necessary.

主语和动词“it is”,从“if ”后面消失了。

综上所述,英语口语充满了省略句。虽然每个被省略的成分都可以还原,但是为了句子的简洁和流畅,还是可省则省、可略则略。

谈到句子的简练流利,除上述省略句外,还有其他方法达到这目的。但是这些方法必须等到英语水平较高时,才能领略和使用。例如怎样使分句缩短为短语或单词,又怎样使复杂句变成简单句。这些都要在掌握各种句子结构之后,才能着手。

无论如何,现在举一两个例子看看。

He scanned the newspaper while he was having breakfast. → He scanned the newspaper while having breakfast.(副词分局缩为副词短语)

Please show me the work which is completed. → Please show me the work completed. → Please show me the completed work.(从形容词分句缩为单词)

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